侧前方腰椎椎体间融合术的研究进展

腰椎椎体间植骨融合术是治疗腰椎椎间盘退变性疾病(disc degenerative disease,DDD)的经典手术方式,包括后路腰椎椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)、经椎间孔入路腰椎椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)、极外侧入路腰椎椎体间融合术(extreme lateral interbody fusion,XLIF)。     

腰椎术后迟发性硬脊膜撕裂所致脑脊液漏的发病及治疗

目的探讨腰椎术后迟发性硬脊膜撕裂(late presentation of dural tears,LPDT)所致脑脊液漏的发病及治疗方法,为临床管理患者提供新的思路及治疗方案。方法选取自2015年1月至2017年12月于我院腰椎组进行腰椎后路手术的患者,分析患者的一般信息和脑脊液漏情况,根据随访情况及复查情况分析并查找具有LPDT的患者及其治疗方式、并发症以及临床结局。结果共2359例腰椎术后患者纳入研究,脑脊液漏患者共43例(1.82%),术中或术后5天内出现的硬脊膜撕裂(dural tears,DT)伴脑脊液漏患者36例(1.53%),术中发现DT 23例(0.98%),LPDT所致脑脊液漏患者7例(0.30%),其中,2例分别于术后3周、4个月行局部清创+硬脊膜修补手术,5例经卧床休息保守治疗,5例恢复在良好及以上,2例恢复较差,而非延迟性脑脊液漏患者术后恢复未发生较差结局。结论术中未被识别的LPDT所致的脑脊液漏在脊柱术中是一个比较特殊的并发症,需要提高临床认识和予以恰当的治疗,对于有可疑症状的患者应当提高警惕,以帮助患者更好地恢复,减少长期后遗症。     

甲状腺乳头状癌前上纵隔淋巴结转移临床病理特征初步分析

目的 探讨肿瘤位置、最大直径及甲状腺外浸等临床病理特征与甲状腺癌前上纵隔淋巴结转移的关系。 方法 研究分析初次手术治疗的60例甲状腺乳头状癌患者临床及病理资料,运用检验临床病理特征与前上纵隔淋巴结阳性率的相关性。 结果 肿块位置、最大直径、数量、腺体外侵、受累腺叶数及Ⅵ区淋巴结转移等特征,以及患者年龄等相关因素中,只有VI区淋巴结对前上纵隔淋巴结状态有影响;60例患者前上纵隔淋巴结转移率为10/60(16.67%)。相关因素的前上纵隔淋巴结转移率对比:≥55岁vs <55岁(20% vs 16.36%, P<0.05);肿块位于下极 vs 上极 vs 中极(P>0.05);最大直径≥1.5 cm vs 最大直径<1.5 cm(18.18% vs 15.79, P>0.05);单灶 vs 多灶(21.88% vs 10.71%, P>0.05);单叶 vs 多叶(17.5% vs 15%, P>0.05);男性vs女性(20% vs 15.55%, P>0.05); Ⅵ区淋巴结阳性vs 阴性(24.43% vs 3.57%, P<0.05); 结论 总体来说,甲状腺乳头状癌前上纵隔淋巴结转移率较低。本研究发现VI区淋巴结状态可能与前上纵隔淋巴结转移相关,未来仍需大样本前瞻性的研究验证。     

Endoscopic Removal of a Cervical Esophageal Duplication Cyst

A 6-month-old female presented for 2 months of noisy breathing. Flexible laryngoscopy showed limited bilateral vocal fold abduction. Computed tomography revealed a non-enhancing 3.6 × 2.3 × 3.5 cystic prevertebral mass spanning C2-T. Using an endoscopic approach, the overlying mucosa was incised, and the cyst was freed and fully excised from the surrounding mucosa with blunt microlaryngeal instruments without complication. Three months postoperatively she had no respiratory issues and was eating well. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed bilateral vocal fold mobility. We propose that endoscopic removal of a cervical esophageal duplication cyst in selected cases is an alternative to open excision. Laryngoscope, 130:2053–2055, 2020     

The prognostic value of lymph node ratio in Medullary thyroid carcinoma: A multi-center study

IntroductionThe lymph node ratio (LNR), which represents the proportion of metastatic lymph nodes resected, has been found to be a prognostic variable in several cancers, but data for Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the value of the LNR in predicting outcome in patients with MTC.Materials and methodsA retrospective multicenter study design of 107 patients with MTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection between 1984 and 2016. The association of LNR with patient and tumor characteristics and prognostic factors was evaluated.ResultsStudy population consisted of 53.3% female, mean age at diagnosis was 50.3 ± 18.4 years; 16.8% had inherited MTC. LNR was positively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.018) and inversely correlated with age at diagnosis (p = 0.024). A higher LNR was associated with extrathyroidal extension (p < 0.001), multifocality (p = 0.001), bilateral tumor (p = 0.002), distant metastases (p < 0.001), and tumor recurrence (OR = 14.7, p < 0.001). LNR was also correlated to postoperative calcitonin levels (p < 0.001) and carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.011). LNR >0.1 was associated with shorter disease-specific survival in patients at risk: tumor larger than 20 mm at diagnosis (p = 0.013), sporadic MTC (p = 0.01), and age above 40 years at diagnosis (p = 0.004). Cox multivariate survival analysis revealed LNR as the only significant independent factor for disease free survival (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThis study showed that LNR correlates well with patient and tumor characteristics and prognostic variables. We suggest that LNR should be considered an important parameter for predicting outcome in MTC.     

漏斗胸Nuss矫形术对胸廓的影响及相关因素分析

目的通过CT影像测量了解漏斗胸Nuss矫形术前后胸廓径线的改变情况,探讨并分析Nuss矫形术对胸廓的影响及相关因素。方法对2014年1月至2018年12月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的50例行漏斗胸Nuss矫形术患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。50例患儿中男43例,女7例。所有患儿中存在脊柱侧弯6例,胸廓不对称12例,胸骨旋转11例。通过CT影像测量其放置矫形器前及取出矫形器后胸廓各椎体平面最大横内径及该平面胸脊间的距离,通过配对样本t检验比较矫形前后各径线的改变情况,以及通过独立样本t检验分析在不同年龄、性别、矫形时间、漏斗胸对称与否、是否合并脊柱侧弯等情况间的差异性。结果50例患儿均顺利完成矫形器置入术及矫形器拔除术,无明显术中及术后并发症,Nuss矫形后较矫形前相比,胸廓前后径在第8~12胸椎水平均较前增加,第3~5胸椎平面较前减小,胸廓横径在第8~10胸椎平面较前减小;年龄≤10岁、矫形时长≥2年及女性患儿胸廓前后径改变量在多个胸椎平面分别较年龄>10岁、矫形时长<2年及男性患儿大,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论漏斗胸Nuss矫形后前胸壁凹陷较前明显改善,并且在不同年龄和不同矫形时长间存在差异性,年龄较小及适当增加矫形时间可获得较好的矫形效果,而胸廓横径生长在一定程度上受限。     

LEEP术对绝经后妇女高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊治

目的:探讨绝经后妇女高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变行宫颈环形电切术(LEEP)诊治的临床价值。方法:选择2017年2月-2018年12月于北京妇产医院妇科微创中心因宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)行LEEP术的患者共142例,其中绝经组40例,未绝经组102例。收集2组患者的液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)、高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测、阴道镜检查及其活检病理结果、LEEP术后病理结果、切缘病变情况,并将上述检查结果进行组间比较。结果:2组患者阴道镜下宫颈转化区类型比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=28.658,P=0.000)。绝经组阴道镜活检与LEEP术后病理符合率为50.00%(20/40),未绝经组符合率为51.96%(53/102),2组差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.044,P=0.854)。绝经组1例LEEP术后病理升级为宫颈癌,未绝经组1例LEEP术后病理升级为原位腺癌。绝经组术后病理切缘阳性8例(20.00%),未绝经组术后病理切缘阳性16例(15.69%),2组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.381,P=0.537)。2组患者术后TCT检查比较及高危型HPV感染情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:LEEP手术适用于宫颈无明显萎缩的绝经后妇女高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变的诊治,以避免对宫颈病变的漏诊和过度治疗。     

Clinical feasibility of MR-assisted CT-based cervical brachytherapy using MR-to-CT deformable image registration

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using deformable image registration algorithms to improve high-dose-rate high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) delineation between preapplicator implantation MRI (pre-MRI) and postapplicator implantation CT (post-CT) in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Method and materialsTwenty-six patients were identified for the study. Regions of interest were segmented on MRI and CT. A HR-CTV was delineated on pre-MRI and compared with the previously contoured HR-CTV on the post-CT. Two commercially available algorithms, ANACONDA (anatomically constrained) and MORFEUS (biomechanical model based) with various controlling structure settings, including the cervix, uterus, etc., were used to deform pre-MRI to post-CT. MRI-to-CT deformed targets are denoted as HR-CTV’. Quantitative deformation metrics include Dice index, distance to agreement, and center of mass displacement. Qualitative clinical usefulness of deformations was scored based on HR-CTV identification on CT images.ResultsFor ANACONDA and MORFEUS deformations, using a cervix controlling region of interest resulted in the highest Dice, lowest distance to agreement, and lowest center of mass displacement for HR-CTV′. With MORFEUS deformations, the deformed HR-CTV’ proved clinically useful in 23 patients.ConclusionsPrebrachytherapy implantation MRI can aid target contours for CT-based brachytherapy through ANACONDA or MORFEUS algorithms with appropriate parameter selection for LACC patients.     

保妇康凝胶联合诺氟沙星治疗宫颈糜烂50例疗效观察

目的：探讨保妇康凝胶联合诺氟沙星治疗宫颈糜烂的临床效果。方法将100例宫颈糜烂患者根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组给予保妇康凝胶和诺氟沙星联合治疗，对照组单独给予治糜灵栓治疗，比较两组患者临床症状的变化，并对临床疗效进行评价。结果观察组治愈率为86.00%，明显高于对照组的74.00%，临床症状评分改善较对照组明显，且其临床症状消失的时间短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论保妇康凝胶与诺氟沙星合用比治糜灵栓治疗宫颈糜烂效果更佳，且治愈时间上明显较优，值得临床上推广应用。     

脊柱推拿对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能活动的影响

目的观察脊柱推拿治疗对腰椎间盘突出症患者脑功能活动的影响。方法招募11例腰椎间盘突出症患者，8例受试者完成了研究。所有患者接受6次腰部脊柱推拿治疗，并在脊柱推拿治疗前、后对患者进行颅脑功能核磁共振成像检测，评估患者脑功能活动的改变及与疗效关系。结果4例腰椎间盘突出症患者脊柱推拿治疗有效，4例无效。脊柱推拿有效患者治疗前、后产生视觉模拟评分（VAS）为50分时的疼痛压力值分别为（7.43±1.47）kg和（10.53±0.55）kg（ P < 0.05），而无效患者的则无明显差异（ P＞0.05）。颅脑功能核磁共振成像检测结果提示，脊柱推拿治疗有效患者的脑功能活动以抑制为主，抑制区域主要位于右侧前额叶及小脑区域；而脊柱推拿治疗无效患者的脑功能活动以增强为主。 结论脊柱推拿能够影响腰椎间盘突出症患者的脑功能活动，其治疗有效患者的抑制区域主要在额叶及小脑。